代码到实物Hackson-Day1

Sat, 30 May 2026 21:00:00 +0800

我们的项目叫“风侯”，是一个可以随身携带的全天候环境检测设备。

在古代，“风候”指的就是风向、气候与时序的变化（比如观测风候）。用在随身设备上，直观地传递出“随时感知身边小气候”的意境。

设想

我们希望做一个足够小巧且时尚的环境检测设备，可以一直被当作挂件随身携带，24小时的检测你身边的环境信息，汇总数据并给出建议。

我们考虑了这些生活中值得关注的环境信息：

日照与光源健康：你每天是否晒够了太阳？办公桌上的灯光是否存在看不见的频闪伤害眼睛？

微环境空气质量：密闭的会议室或刚上车时，空气是否已经污浊（VOC浓度过高）到需要立刻通风换气？

无形的压力源：气压的突变是否是你今天感到疲惫或偏头痛的原因？你一天中有多少时间暴露在让人烦躁的高分贝噪音中？

传感器选择

INMP441

现代人经常忽略环境噪音（如地铁轰鸣、办公室底噪）。长时间暴露在70分贝以上的环境不仅会造成不可逆的听力损伤，更是导致焦虑、血压升高和易疲劳的“隐形压力源”。INMP441 是一款高精度全向麦克风。我们可以在设备端实时计算音频信号的能量值，转化为环境分贝读数。

AHT20+BMP280

单一的温度无法反映真实的“体感”。更重要的是气压：很多人是“气象敏感型体质”，气压的骤降（如暴雨前或高层电梯内）是导致偏头痛、关节酸痛和胸闷的直接元凶。AHT20 负责高精度读取温湿度，BMP280 则敏锐捕捉百帕（hPa）级别的微小气压波动。

SGP41

刚装修的房间、新买的家具，甚至是不通风的会议室和长时间关闭外循环的车厢，都会积聚大量挥发性有机化合物（VOC），导致头晕、注意力下降和呼吸道刺激。传感器内的金属氧化物（MOX）遇有害气体产生电阻变化，输出 VOC 指数。

本来还有计划安装CO2传感器的，但是调研了一圈发现CO2传感器都太贵太耗电了，于是就作罢。

GY-AS7341

现代人极度缺乏自然光照，导致维生素D合成不足、血清素降低（容易抑郁、失眠）。

许多劣质 LED 屏幕和台灯存在肉眼无法察觉的高频闪烁，这是导致视觉疲劳、眼干和视力下降的罪魁祸首。

AS7341 拥有多个光谱通道。首先，它能通过光谱特征区分“自然阳光”和“人造灯光”；其次，利用它的高频采样能力（Hz），可以捕捉灯光亮度的周期性波动，计算出频闪指数。

架构设计

因为是物联网设备，我们设计了这样一个以云为中心的架构：

设备端

硬件采用 ESP32 微控制器，使用I2C总线连接各个传感器。

有锂电池包负责供电。

设备端通过 WiFi 联网，数据通过 HTTP POST 请求，直接上传至云端的 API 接口。

正在调试…

后端服务

部署在 Cloudflare Workers 上，完全采用 Serverless架构。

在边缘计算节点解析数据，将嵌套的设备上传载荷拆解为单个传感器的独立数据行。

这个今日已经实现：

Database

使用 Cloudflare D1 数据库。采用分离的表结构进行存储：device 表用于管理设备元数据，可以用来做账号绑定和权限管理；sensor_data 表则记录拆解后带有时间戳的具体传感器数值（如温度、湿度、CO2 等）。

实现：

web看板

基于 web-dashboard 的目录结构与后端的 D1 数据库设计，Fenghou 的前端看板是一个基于 React + Vite 构建，并利用 Cloudflare Pages Functions 实现全栈边缘 API 路由的高效物联网数据可视化平台。

in progress….

移动App和NFC

因为没有屏幕，就没法配网（如果不硬编码的话），刚好ESP32上有低功耗蓝牙，那只要通过蓝牙交换数据就好了。

但是没屏幕和按钮，那也没法确认蓝牙配对是不是来自物主，于是想到NFC，如果能近距离接触到这东西，那能看数据也是理所应当的。所以就想用NFC交换蓝牙令牌完成配对，那手机App里就可以配网了，也可以顺便实时查看数据。

然后都有NFC了，那为什么不顺手做个App Clip呢？于是在XCode里新建了一个带App Clip的Project，然后发现Developer Free账号没办法给App Clip签名，那也就没办法运行了，这个方案Pass。

看情况做不做，现在感觉时间来不太急。

今日Log

额，上午去其他地方开培训会了，没来，Pass。

下午2点过来，首先就是发现最开始用的ESP32-C3-SuperMini没法正常连上Wi-Fi，折腾了好久，发现可能是散热太拉了，只要板子一热WiFi就会disconnect，在研究了2小时后决定换一颗MCU，于是就换成了ESP32-S3，体积大很多，但是比较稳定。

然后就是I2C总线的问题了，不知道为什么，明明接的都是对的，但是I2C总线就是会报错，又研究了3小时，发现是那颗ESP32-S3有一个USB口一个COM口，因为之前项目是在ESP32-C3上写的，那个板子只有一个USB口，于是我打开了USB虚拟串口功能，导致成功的日志只打到了USB口上没打到COM口上。然后那个会有错误日志的原因是I2C扫描的默认设备Address没东西，所以报了个Error。

非常不幸的是，在研究这个东西的过程中，不知道什么时候，SGP41这颗传感器烧了，那我们就很遗憾的没法检测甲醛了。但是这个时候设计PCB的同学已经设计好了，所以如果那块PCB能打出来的话，会看到预留的接口。代码这边的话，I2C本来就有自动发现注册的能力，少个模块不会挂掉。

哦对了，还有个小问题，就是我们的API是在Cloudflare上的嘛，DNS也是Cloudflare托管，但是板子死活连不上，一直报错无法解析hostname。嗯，这个是四川的破网的老毛病了，三大运营商的DNS解析服务没法解析很多海外网站。我的手机电脑都有DNS over Https直接连的阿里云解析服务，但是这个板子连https连一次都费劲，DoH更是不支持。测试了一下，直接在板子上把DNS配置成1.1.1.1（Cloudflare DNS0就能用了。这个不像8.8.8.8一样被拦截了，运营商还算做人。

还遇到的一个问题是，我打算把fenghou.goudaijun.top/api分配给beckend这个Worker,fenghou.goudaijun.top/dashboard奉陪给前端，但是发现，额这个Cloudflare的URL路由功能竟然不能把DNS的A记录直接指向路由，而是必须要有个IP/负载均衡/Worker（是的一个域名必须要有确定的后端才能再做路由），无奈再次把很久之前写的老演员Hello World拿出来绑定了，所以直接访问没有特殊路由的URL会显示Hello World（（

em总之就是这样，任重道远啊。不过我真觉得这东西挺实用的吧。

代码

哦，好像要贴代码，那我找几个贴一下：

OnDevice是ESP32的设备端代码

/OnDevice/src/main.cpp

ondevice_main.cpp 在新窗口打开

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#include <Arduino.h>
#include <WiFi.h>

#include "ConfigStore.h"
#include "DataAggregator.h"
#include "module/NetworkUploader.h"
#include "sensor/AudioSampler.h"
#include "sensor/I2cSensorManager.h"
#include "sensor/Types.h"

namespace {
QueueHandle_t sensorQueue;
QueueHandle_t uploadQueue;
SemaphoreHandle_t dataMutex;
SemaphoreHandle_t configMutex;

LatestData latestData;
ConfigStore configStore;
I2cSensorManager i2cSensors;
AudioSampler audioSampler;
DataAggregator dataAggregator;
NetworkUploader networkUploader;

String wifiHostname;

String normalizedHostnameFromDeviceId(const char *deviceId) {
 String hostname = "fenghou-";
 hostname += deviceId;
 hostname.toLowerCase();

 for (size_t i = 0; i < hostname.length(); i++) {
 char c = hostname.charAt(i);
 bool allowed = (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || c == '-';
 if (!allowed) {
 hostname.setCharAt(i, '-');
 }
 }

 return hostname;
}

void onWiFiEvent(WiFiEvent_t event, WiFiEventInfo_t info) {
 switch (event) {
 case ARDUINO_EVENT_WIFI_STA_START:
 Serial.println("[wifi-event] STA start");
 break;
 case ARDUINO_EVENT_WIFI_STA_CONNECTED:
 Serial.println("[wifi-event] STA connected to AP");
 break;
 case ARDUINO_EVENT_WIFI_STA_GOT_IP:
 Serial.print("[wifi-event] got IP: ");
 Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
 break;
 case ARDUINO_EVENT_WIFI_STA_DISCONNECTED:
 Serial.print("[wifi-event] STA disconnected, reason=");
 Serial.println(info.wifi_sta_disconnected.reason);
 break;
 default:
 break;
 }
}

void taskI2CSensors(void *) {
 i2cSensors.run();
}

void taskAudio(void *) {
 audioSampler.run();
}

void taskDataProcess(void *) {
 dataAggregator.run();
}

void taskNetworkUpload(void *) {
 networkUploader.run();
}
} // namespace

void setup() {
 Serial.begin(115200);
 unsigned long serialWaitStart = millis();
 while (!Serial && millis() - serialWaitStart < 3000) {
 delay(10);
 }
 delay(2000);

 sensorQueue = xQueueCreate(12, sizeof(SensorSample));
 uploadQueue = xQueueCreate(3, sizeof(LatestData));
 dataMutex = xSemaphoreCreateMutex();
 configMutex = xSemaphoreCreateMutex();
 if (!sensorQueue || !uploadQueue || !dataMutex || !configMutex) {
 Serial.println("FreeRTOS allocation failed.");
 while (true) {
 delay(1000);
 }
 }

 if (!configStore.begin(configMutex)) {
 Serial.println("Preferences init failed.");
 }
 configStore.load();

 DeviceConfig cfg;
 configStore.getCopy(&cfg);
 wifiHostname = normalizedHostnameFromDeviceId(cfg.deviceId);
 WiFi.onEvent(onWiFiEvent);
 WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
 WiFi.setSleep(false);
 WiFi.setHostname(wifiHostname.c_str());
 WiFi.persistent(false);

 Serial.println("Fenghou on-device monitor booting");
 Serial.printf("Config: valid=%d ssid=%s server=%s device=%s\n",
 cfg.valid,
 cfg.ssid,
 cfg.server,
 cfg.deviceId);
 Serial.print("WiFi hostname: ");
 Serial.println(wifiHostname);

 i2cSensors.begin(sensorQueue, &configStore, dataMutex, &latestData);
 audioSampler.begin(sensorQueue);
 dataAggregator.begin(sensorQueue, uploadQueue, dataMutex, &latestData, &configStore);
 networkUploader.begin(uploadQueue, &configStore);

 xTaskCreate(taskI2CSensors, "i2c", 6144, nullptr, 2, nullptr);
 xTaskCreate(taskAudio, "audio", 4096, nullptr, 3, nullptr);
 xTaskCreate(taskDataProcess, "data", 4096, nullptr, 1, nullptr);
 xTaskCreate(taskNetworkUpload, "upload", 6144, nullptr, 2, nullptr);
}

void loop() {
 vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(1000));
}

/OnDevice/src/sensor/I2cSensorManager.cpp

ondevice_i2c.cpp 在新窗口打开

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#include "I2cSensorManager.h"

#include <Wire.h>
#include <math.h>

#include "../DebugLog.h"

void I2cSensorManager::begin(QueueHandle_t sampleQueue,
 ConfigStore *configStore,
 SemaphoreHandle_t dataMutex,
 LatestData *latestData) {
 sampleQueue_ = sampleQueue;
 configStore_ = configStore;
 dataMutex_ = dataMutex;
 latestData_ = latestData;
}

void I2cSensorManager::run() {
 Wire.begin(PIN_I2C_SDA, PIN_I2C_SCL);
 Wire.setClock(I2C_CLOCK_HZ);
 Wire.setTimeOut(50);
 vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(100));

 scanI2cBus();

 aht20Present_ = i2cDevicePresent(AHT20_ADDR);
 bmp280Present_ = bmp280Begin();
 sgp30Present_ = i2cDevicePresent(SGP30_ADDR) && sgp30Begin();
 as7341Present_ = as7341Setup();
 st25Present_ = i2cDevicePresent(ST25_USER_ADDR);
 DEBUG_LOG("[sensor:init] sda=%d scl=%d aht20=%d bmp280=%d sgp30=%d as7341=%d st25=%d\n",
 PIN_I2C_SDA,
 PIN_I2C_SCL,
 aht20Present_ ? 1 : 0,
 bmp280Present_ ? 1 : 0,
 sgp30Present_ ? 1 : 0,
 as7341Present_ ? 1 : 0,
 st25Present_ ? 1 : 0);

 uint32_t lastAht = 0;
 uint32_t lastBmp = 0;
 uint32_t lastSgp = 0;
 uint32_t lastAs = 0;
 uint32_t lastNfc = 0;

 for (;;) {
 uint32_t now = millis();

 if (now - lastNfc >= 5000) {
 lastNfc = now;
 pollNfc(now);
 }
 if (now - lastAht >= 2000) {
 lastAht = now;
 pollAht(now);
 }
 if (now - lastBmp >= 5000) {
 lastBmp = now;
 pollBmp(now);
 }
 if (now - lastSgp >= 1000) {
 lastSgp = now;
 pollSgp(now);
 }
 if (now - lastAs >= 5000) {
 lastAs = now;
 pollAs7341(now);
 }

 vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(50));
 }
}

void I2cSensorManager::sendSample(const SensorSample &sample) {
 xQueueSend(sampleQueue_, &sample, QUEUE_WAIT);
}

void I2cSensorManager::pollNfc(uint32_t now) {
 if (!st25Present_) {
 return;
 }
 char raw[256];
 if (!st25ReadUserMemory(raw, sizeof(raw))) {
 return;
 }
 DEBUG_LOG("[sensor:nfc] raw=%s\n", raw);
 if (!configStore_ || !configStore_->applyPayload(raw)) {
 return;
 }

 SensorSample sample = {};
 sample.kind = KIND_CONFIG;
 sample.ms = now;
 sample.ok = true;
 sendSample(sample);
 Serial.println("NFC config updated.");
}

void I2cSensorManager::pollAht(uint32_t now) {
 SensorSample sample = {};
 sample.kind = KIND_AHT;
 sample.ms = now;
 sample.ok = aht20Present_ && aht20Read(&sample.temperatureC, &sample.humidityRh);
 DEBUG_LOG("[sensor:aht20] ok=%d temperature_c=%.2f humidity_rh=%.2f\n",
 sample.ok ? 1 : 0,
 sample.temperatureC,
 sample.humidityRh);
 sendSample(sample);
}

void I2cSensorManager::pollBmp(uint32_t now) {
 SensorSample sample = {};
 sample.kind = KIND_BMP;
 sample.ms = now;
 sample.ok = bmp280Read(&sample.temperatureC, &sample.pressureHpa, &sample.altitudeM);
 DEBUG_LOG("[sensor:bmp280] ok=%d temperature_c=%.2f pressure_hpa=%.2f altitude_m=%.1f\n",
 sample.ok ? 1 : 0,
 sample.temperatureC,
 sample.pressureHpa,
 sample.altitudeM);
 sendSample(sample);
}

void I2cSensorManager::pollSgp(uint32_t now) {
 SensorSample sample = {};
 sample.kind = KIND_AIR;
 sample.ms = now;
 sample.sgpWarmup = sgp30StartMs_ == 0 || now - sgp30StartMs_ < 15000;

 LatestData copy;
 xSemaphoreTake(dataMutex_, portMAX_DELAY);
 copy = *latestData_;
 xSemaphoreGive(dataMutex_);

 if (sgp30Present_) {
 uint32_t ah = absoluteHumidityMgM3(copy.temperatureC, copy.humidityRh);
 if (ah) {
 sgp30SetHumidity(ah);
 }
 sample.ok = sgp30Read(&sample.eco2Ppm, &sample.tvocPpb);
 }
 DEBUG_LOG("[sensor:sgp30] present=%d ok=%d eco2_ppm=%u tvoc_ppb=%u warmup=%d\n",
 sgp30Present_ ? 1 : 0,
 sample.ok ? 1 : 0,
 sample.eco2Ppm,
 sample.tvocPpb,
 sample.sgpWarmup ? 1 : 0);
 sendSample(sample);
}

void I2cSensorManager::pollAs7341(uint32_t now) {
 SensorSample sample = {};
 sample.kind = KIND_LIGHT;
 sample.ms = now;
 sample.ok = as7341Present_ && as7341Read(sample.f, &sample.clear, &sample.nir);
 if (!sample.ok && i2cDevicePresent(AS7341_ADDR)) {
 as7341Present_ = as7341Setup();
 }
 DEBUG_LOG("[sensor:as7341] ok=%d f=[%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u] clear=%u nir=%u\n",
 sample.ok ? 1 : 0,
 sample.f[0], sample.f[1], sample.f[2], sample.f[3],
 sample.f[4], sample.f[5], sample.f[6], sample.f[7],
 sample.clear,
 sample.nir);
 sendSample(sample);
}

void I2cSensorManager::scanI2cBus() {
 DEBUG_LOG("[i2c:scan] start sda=%d scl=%d clock=%lu\n",
 PIN_I2C_SDA,
 PIN_I2C_SCL,
 static_cast<unsigned long>(I2C_CLOCK_HZ));

 uint8_t found = 0;
 for (uint8_t addr = 1; addr < 0x7F; addr++) {
 Wire.beginTransmission(addr);
 uint8_t err = Wire.endTransmission();
 if (err == 0) {
 found++;
 DEBUG_LOG("[i2c:scan] found addr=0x%02X%s%s%s%s%s\n",
 addr,
 addr == AHT20_ADDR ? " AHT20" : "",
 addr == AS7341_ADDR ? " AS7341" : "",
 addr == SGP30_ADDR ? " SGP30" : "",
 (addr == BMP280_ADDR_PRIMARY || addr == BMP280_ADDR_SECONDARY) ? " BMP280" : "",
 addr == ST25_USER_ADDR ? " ST25" : "");
 } else if (err == 4) {
 DEBUG_LOG("[i2c:scan] unknown error addr=0x%02X err=%u\n", addr, err);
 }
 vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(1));
 }

 DEBUG_LOG("[i2c:scan] done found=%u\n", found);
}

bool I2cSensorManager::i2cWrite(uint8_t addr, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
 Wire.beginTransmission(addr);
 Wire.write(data, len);
 uint8_t err = Wire.endTransmission();
 if (err != 0) {
 DEBUG_LOG("[i2c:write-fail] addr=0x%02X len=%u err=%u\n",
 addr,
 static_cast<unsigned int>(len),
 err);
 return false;
 }
 return true;
}

bool I2cSensorManager::i2cWriteByte(uint8_t addr, uint8_t reg, uint8_t value) {
 uint8_t data[2] = {reg, value};
 return i2cWrite(addr, data, sizeof(data));
}

bool I2cSensorManager::i2cReadReg(uint8_t addr, uint8_t reg, uint8_t *buf, size_t len) {
 Wire.beginTransmission(addr);
 Wire.write(reg);
 uint8_t err = Wire.endTransmission(false);
 if (err != 0) {
 DEBUG_LOG("[i2c:read-reg-fail] phase=write-addr addr=0x%02X reg=0x%02X len=%u err=%u\n",
 addr,
 reg,
 static_cast<unsigned int>(len),
 err);
 return false;
 }
 size_t got = Wire.requestFrom(addr, static_cast<uint8_t>(len));
 if (got != len) {
 DEBUG_LOG("[i2c:read-reg-fail] phase=request addr=0x%02X reg=0x%02X len=%u got=%u\n",
 addr,
 reg,
 static_cast<unsigned int>(len),
 static_cast<unsigned int>(got));
 return false;
 }
 for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 buf[i] = Wire.read();
 }
 return true;
}

bool I2cSensorManager::i2cDevicePresent(uint8_t addr) {
 Wire.beginTransmission(addr);
 uint8_t err = Wire.endTransmission();
 DEBUG_LOG("[i2c:probe] addr=0x%02X present=%d err=%u\n",
 addr,
 err == 0 ? 1 : 0,
 err);
 return err == 0;
}

uint16_t I2cSensorManager::le16(const uint8_t *p) {
 return static_cast<uint16_t>(p[0]) | (static_cast<uint16_t>(p[1]) << 8);
}

int16_t I2cSensorManager::sle16(const uint8_t *p) {
 return static_cast<int16_t>(le16(p));
}

uint8_t I2cSensorManager::crc8Sgp30(const uint8_t *data, uint8_t len) {
 uint8_t crc = 0xFF;
 for (uint8_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 crc ^= data[i];
 for (uint8_t bit = 0; bit < 8; bit++) {
 crc = (crc & 0x80) ? (crc << 1) ^ 0x31 : (crc << 1);
 }
 }
 return crc;
}

bool I2cSensorManager::sgp30Command(const uint8_t *cmd,
 uint8_t cmdLen,
 uint16_t delayMs,
 uint16_t *words,
 uint8_t wordCount) {
 if (!i2cWrite(SGP30_ADDR, cmd, cmdLen)) {
 return false;
 }
 vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(delayMs));
 if (wordCount == 0) {
 return true;
 }

 const uint8_t replyLen = wordCount * 3;
 uint8_t reply[18];
 if (replyLen > sizeof(reply)) {
 return false;
 }
 size_t got = Wire.requestFrom(SGP30_ADDR, replyLen);
 if (got != replyLen) {
 DEBUG_LOG("[i2c:request-fail] sensor=sgp30 addr=0x%02X len=%u got=%u\n",
 SGP30_ADDR,
 replyLen,
 static_cast<unsigned int>(got));
 return false;
 }
 for (uint8_t i = 0; i < replyLen; i++) {
 reply[i] = Wire.read();
 }
 for (uint8_t i = 0; i < wordCount; i++) {
 uint8_t *p = &reply[i * 3];
 if (crc8Sgp30(p, 2) != p[2]) {
 return false;
 }
 words[i] = (static_cast<uint16_t>(p[0]) << 8) | p[1];
 }
 return true;
}

bool I2cSensorManager::sgp30Begin() {
 uint8_t iaqInit[] = {0x20, 0x03};
 if (!sgp30Command(iaqInit, sizeof(iaqInit), 10)) {
 return false;
 }
 sgp30StartMs_ = millis();
 return true;
}

uint32_t I2cSensorManager::absoluteHumidityMgM3(float temperatureC, float humidityRh) {
 if (!isfinite(temperatureC) || !isfinite(humidityRh)) {
 return 0;
 }
 const float ah = 216.7f *
 ((humidityRh / 100.0f) * 6.112f *
 expf((17.62f * temperatureC) / (243.12f + temperatureC)) /
 (273.15f + temperatureC));
 if (ah <= 0.0f) {
 return 0;
 }
 return static_cast<uint32_t>(ah * 1000.0f);
}

bool I2cSensorManager::sgp30SetHumidity(uint32_t absoluteHumidity) {
 if (absoluteHumidity > 256000) {
 return false;
 }
 uint16_t scaled = static_cast<uint16_t>(((uint64_t)absoluteHumidity * 256 * 16777) >> 24);
 uint8_t cmd[5] = {0x20, 0x61, static_cast<uint8_t>(scaled >> 8), static_cast<uint8_t>(scaled & 0xFF), 0};
 cmd[4] = crc8Sgp30(cmd + 2, 2);
 return sgp30Command(cmd, sizeof(cmd), 10);
}

bool I2cSensorManager::sgp30Read(uint16_t *eco2, uint16_t *tvoc) {
 uint8_t cmd[] = {0x20, 0x08};
 uint16_t words[2];
 if (!sgp30Command(cmd, sizeof(cmd), 12, words, 2)) {
 return false;
 }
 *eco2 = words[0];
 *tvoc = words[1];
 DEBUG_LOG("[sensor:sgp30:raw] words=%u,%u\n", words[0], words[1]);
 return true;
}

bool I2cSensorManager::aht20Read(float *temperatureC, float *humidityRh) {
 uint8_t status = 0;
 if (!i2cReadReg(AHT20_ADDR, 0x71, &status, 1)) {
 return false;
 }
 if ((status & 0x18) != 0x18) {
 uint8_t initCmd[] = {0xBE, 0x08, 0x00};
 i2cWrite(AHT20_ADDR, initCmd, sizeof(initCmd));
 vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(10));
 }

 uint8_t trig[] = {0xAC, 0x33, 0x00};
 if (!i2cWrite(AHT20_ADDR, trig, sizeof(trig))) {
 return false;
 }
 vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(80));

 uint8_t data[7];
 size_t got = Wire.requestFrom(AHT20_ADDR, static_cast<uint8_t>(7));
 if (got != 7) {
 DEBUG_LOG("[i2c:request-fail] sensor=aht20 addr=0x%02X len=7 got=%u\n",
 AHT20_ADDR,
 static_cast<unsigned int>(got));
 return false;
 }
 for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
 data[i] = Wire.read();
 }
 if (data[0] & 0x80) {
 return false;
 }

 uint32_t rawHumidity = ((uint32_t)data[1] << 12) | ((uint32_t)data[2] << 4) | (data[3] >> 4);
 uint32_t rawTemperature = ((uint32_t)(data[3] & 0x0F) << 16) | ((uint32_t)data[4] << 8) | data[5];
 DEBUG_LOG("[sensor:aht20:raw] status=0x%02X bytes=%02X %02X %02X %02X %02X %02X %02X raw_h=%lu raw_t=%lu\n",
 data[0], data[0], data[1], data[2], data[3], data[4], data[5], data[6],
 static_cast<unsigned long>(rawHumidity),
 static_cast<unsigned long>(rawTemperature));
 *humidityRh = rawHumidity * 100.0f / 1048576.0f;
 *temperatureC = rawTemperature * 200.0f / 1048576.0f - 50.0f;
 return true;
}

bool I2cSensorManager::bmp280ReadCoefficients(uint8_t addr) {
 uint8_t c[24];
 if (!i2cReadReg(addr, 0x88, c, sizeof(c))) {
 return false;
 }
 bmpDigT1_ = le16(c + 0);
 bmpDigT2_ = sle16(c + 2);
 bmpDigT3_ = sle16(c + 4);
 bmpDigP1_ = le16(c + 6);
 bmpDigP2_ = sle16(c + 8);
 bmpDigP3_ = sle16(c + 10);
 bmpDigP4_ = sle16(c + 12);
 bmpDigP5_ = sle16(c + 14);
 bmpDigP6_ = sle16(c + 16);
 bmpDigP7_ = sle16(c + 18);
 bmpDigP8_ = sle16(c + 20);
 bmpDigP9_ = sle16(c + 22);
 return bmpDigP1_ != 0;
}

bool I2cSensorManager::bmp280Begin() {
 uint8_t id = 0;
 if (i2cReadReg(BMP280_ADDR_PRIMARY, 0xD0, &id, 1) && id == 0x58) {
 bmp280Addr_ = BMP280_ADDR_PRIMARY;
 } else if (i2cReadReg(BMP280_ADDR_SECONDARY, 0xD0, &id, 1) && id == 0x58) {
 bmp280Addr_ = BMP280_ADDR_SECONDARY;
 } else {
 return false;
 }
 if (!bmp280ReadCoefficients(bmp280Addr_)) {
 return false;
 }
 if (!i2cWriteByte(bmp280Addr_, 0xF4, 0x2F)) {
 return false;
 }
 return i2cWriteByte(bmp280Addr_, 0xF5, 0x90);
}

bool I2cSensorManager::bmp280Read(float *temperatureC, float *pressureHpa, float *altitudeM) {
 uint8_t d[6];
 if (!bmp280Present_ || !i2cReadReg(bmp280Addr_, 0xF7, d, sizeof(d))) {
 return false;
 }
 int32_t adcP = ((int32_t)d[0] << 12) | ((int32_t)d[1] << 4) | (d[2] >> 4);
 int32_t adcT = ((int32_t)d[3] << 12) | ((int32_t)d[4] << 4) | (d[5] >> 4);
 DEBUG_LOG("[sensor:bmp280:raw] addr=0x%02X bytes=%02X %02X %02X %02X %02X %02X adc_p=%ld adc_t=%ld\n",
 bmp280Addr_,
 d[0], d[1], d[2], d[3], d[4], d[5],
 static_cast<long>(adcP),
 static_cast<long>(adcT));

 int32_t var1 = ((((adcT >> 3) - ((int32_t)bmpDigT1_ << 1))) * ((int32_t)bmpDigT2_)) >> 11;
 int32_t var2 = (((((adcT >> 4) - ((int32_t)bmpDigT1_)) * ((adcT >> 4) - ((int32_t)bmpDigT1_))) >> 12) *
 ((int32_t)bmpDigT3_)) >> 14;
 bmpTfine_ = var1 + var2;
 *temperatureC = ((bmpTfine_ * 5 + 128) >> 8) / 100.0f;

 int64_t pVar1 = ((int64_t)bmpTfine_) - 128000;
 int64_t pVar2 = pVar1 * pVar1 * (int64_t)bmpDigP6_;
 pVar2 = pVar2 + ((pVar1 * (int64_t)bmpDigP5_) << 17);
 pVar2 = pVar2 + (((int64_t)bmpDigP4_) << 35);
 pVar1 = ((pVar1 * pVar1 * (int64_t)bmpDigP3_) >> 8) + ((pVar1 * (int64_t)bmpDigP2_) << 12);
 pVar1 = (((((int64_t)1) << 47) + pVar1)) * ((int64_t)bmpDigP1_) >> 33;
 if (pVar1 == 0) {
 return false;
 }
 int64_t p = 1048576 - adcP;
 p = (((p << 31) - pVar2) * 3125) / pVar1;
 pVar1 = (((int64_t)bmpDigP9_) * (p >> 13) * (p >> 13)) >> 25;
 pVar2 = (((int64_t)bmpDigP8_) * p) >> 19;
 p = ((p + pVar1 + pVar2) >> 8) + (((int64_t)bmpDigP7_) << 4);
 *pressureHpa = (p / 256.0f) / 100.0f;
 *altitudeM = 44330.0f * (1.0f - powf(*pressureHpa / 1013.25f, 0.1903f));
 return true;
}

bool I2cSensorManager::as7341WaitBitClear(uint8_t reg, uint8_t bitMask, uint16_t timeoutMs) {
 uint32_t start = millis();
 uint8_t v = 0;
 do {
 if (!i2cReadReg(AS7341_ADDR, reg, &v, 1)) {
 return false;
 }
 if ((v & bitMask) == 0) {
 return true;
 }
 vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(2));
 } while (millis() - start < timeoutMs);
 return false;
}

bool I2cSensorManager::as7341WaitDataReady(uint16_t timeoutMs) {
 uint32_t start = millis();
 uint8_t v = 0;
 do {
 if (!i2cReadReg(AS7341_ADDR, 0xA3, &v, 1)) {
 return false;
 }
 if (v & 0x40) {
 return true;
 }
 vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(5));
 } while (millis() - start < timeoutMs);
 return false;
}

bool I2cSensorManager::as7341WriteSmux(const uint8_t *smux) {
 if (!i2cWriteByte(AS7341_ADDR, 0x80, 0x01)) {
 return false;
 }
 if (!i2cWriteByte(AS7341_ADDR, 0xAF, 0x10)) {
 return false;
 }
 for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
 if (!i2cWriteByte(AS7341_ADDR, i, smux[i])) {
 return false;
 }
 }
 if (!i2cWriteByte(AS7341_ADDR, 0x80, 0x11)) {
 return false;
 }
 return as7341WaitBitClear(0x80, 0x10, 100);
}

bool I2cSensorManager::as7341Setup() {
 if (!i2cDevicePresent(AS7341_ADDR)) {
 return false;
 }
 return i2cWriteByte(AS7341_ADDR, 0x80, 0x01) &&
 i2cWriteByte(AS7341_ADDR, 0x81, 0x64) &&
 i2cWriteByte(AS7341_ADDR, 0xCA, 0xE7) &&
 i2cWriteByte(AS7341_ADDR, 0xCB, 0x03) &&
 i2cWriteByte(AS7341_ADDR, 0xAA, 0x09);
}

bool I2cSensorManager::as7341ReadSix(uint16_t *out) {
 if (!i2cWriteByte(AS7341_ADDR, 0x80, 0x03)) {
 return false;
 }
 if (!as7341WaitDataReady(400)) {
 i2cWriteByte(AS7341_ADDR, 0x80, 0x01);
 return false;
 }
 uint8_t d[12];
 if (!i2cReadReg(AS7341_ADDR, 0x95, d, sizeof(d))) {
 return false;
 }
 for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
 out[i] = le16(d + i * 2);
 }
 i2cWriteByte(AS7341_ADDR, 0x80, 0x01);
 return true;
}

bool I2cSensorManager::as7341Read(uint16_t f[8], uint16_t *clear, uint16_t *nir) {
 static const uint8_t smuxLo[20] = {
 0x30, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x42, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50, 0x00,
 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x04, 0x00, 0x30, 0x01, 0x50, 0x00, 0x06};
 static const uint8_t smuxHi[20] = {
 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x02, 0x00, 0x10, 0x03, 0x50, 0x10,
 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x24, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50, 0x00, 0x06};
 uint16_t lo[6];
 uint16_t hi[6];
 if (!as7341WriteSmux(smuxLo) || !as7341ReadSix(lo)) {
 return false;
 }
 if (!as7341WriteSmux(smuxHi) || !as7341ReadSix(hi)) {
 return false;
 }
 DEBUG_LOG("[sensor:as7341:raw] lo=[%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u] hi=[%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u]\n",
 lo[0], lo[1], lo[2], lo[3], lo[4], lo[5],
 hi[0], hi[1], hi[2], hi[3], hi[4], hi[5]);
 f[0] = lo[0];
 f[1] = lo[1];
 f[2] = lo[2];
 f[3] = lo[3];
 f[4] = hi[0];
 f[5] = hi[1];
 f[6] = hi[2];
 f[7] = hi[3];
 *clear = (lo[4] + hi[4]) / 2;
 *nir = (lo[5] + hi[5]) / 2;
 return true;
}

bool I2cSensorManager::st25ReadUserMemory(char *buf, size_t len) {
 if (len == 0) {
 return false;
 }
 memset(buf, 0, len);
 Wire.beginTransmission(ST25_USER_ADDR);
 Wire.write(0x00);
 Wire.write(0x00);
 if (Wire.endTransmission(false) != 0) {
 return false;
 }
 size_t toRead = min(len - 1, static_cast<size_t>(220));
 size_t got = Wire.requestFrom(ST25_USER_ADDR, static_cast<uint8_t>(toRead));
 if (got != toRead) {
 DEBUG_LOG("[i2c:request-fail] sensor=st25 addr=0x%02X len=%u got=%u\n",
 ST25_USER_ADDR,
 static_cast<unsigned int>(toRead),
 static_cast<unsigned int>(got));
 }
 for (size_t i = 0; i < got && i < len - 1; i++) {
 char c = static_cast<char>(Wire.read());
 buf[i] = isPrintable(c) ? c : ' ';
 }
 buf[min(got, len - 1)] = 0;
 return got > 0;
}

Backend是Cloudflare Workers 构建的 API 的代码

/Backend/src/index.ts

backend.ts 在新窗口打开

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interface Env {
 DB: D1Database;
}

type JsonObject = Record<string, unknown>;

const DEVICE_ID_MAX_LENGTH = 128;
const DEVICE_ID_PATTERN = /^[A-Za-z0-9._:-]+$/;
const SENSOR_NAME_MAX_LENGTH = 128;
const SENSOR_NAME_PATTERN = /^[A-Za-z0-9._:-]+$/;

interface DeviceUploadPayload {
 deviceId: string;
 sensorData: Array<{
 name: string;
 data: string;
 }>;
 recordedAt: string;
}

export default {
 async fetch(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Response> {
 try {
 const url = new URL(request.url);

 if (request.method === "OPTIONS") {
 return new Response(null, { status: 204, headers: corsHeaders() });
 }

 if ((url.pathname === "/health" || url.pathname === "/api/health") && request.method === "GET") {
 return jsonResponse({ ok: true });
 }

 if (url.pathname === "/device/upload" || url.pathname === "/api/device/upload") {
 if (request.method !== "POST") {
 return jsonError("method_not_allowed", "Use POST /api/device/upload.", 405);
 }

 return handleDeviceUpload(request, env);
 }

 return jsonError("not_found", "Route not found.", 404);
 } catch (error) {
 console.error("Unhandled request error", error);
 return jsonError("internal_error", "Internal server error.", 500);
 }
 }
} satisfies ExportedHandler<Env>;

async function handleDeviceUpload(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Response> {
 const contentType = request.headers.get("content-type") ?? "";
 if (!contentType.toLowerCase().includes("application/json")) {
 return jsonError("unsupported_media_type", "Request body must be JSON.", 415);
 }

 const payload = await parseJsonObject(request);
 if (!payload.ok) {
 return jsonError("invalid_json", payload.error, 400);
 }

 const upload = normalizeDeviceUploadPayload(payload.value);
 if (!upload.ok) {
 return jsonError(upload.code, upload.error, 400);
 }

 console.log(
 JSON.stringify({
 event: "device_upload_received",
 device_id: upload.value.deviceId,
 time: upload.value.recordedAt,
 sensor_count: upload.value.sensorData.length,
 sensor_names: upload.value.sensorData.map((sensor) => sensor.name)
 })
 );

 const receivedAt = new Date().toISOString();

 const statements = [
 env.DB.prepare(
 `INSERT INTO device (device_id, first_seen_time, last_upload_time, upload_count)
 VALUES (?1, ?2, ?2, 1)
 ON CONFLICT(device_id) DO UPDATE SET
 last_upload_time = excluded.last_upload_time,
 upload_count = device.upload_count + 1`
 ).bind(upload.value.deviceId, receivedAt),
 ];
 const dataIds: string[] = [];

 for (const sensor of upload.value.sensorData) {
 const dataId = crypto.randomUUID();
 dataIds.push(dataId);

 statements.push(
 env.DB.prepare(
 `INSERT INTO sensor_data
 (data_id, device_id, sensor_name, data, time, upload_time)
 VALUES (?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, ?6)`
 ).bind(
 dataId,
 upload.value.deviceId,
 sensor.name,
 sensor.data,
 upload.value.recordedAt,
 receivedAt
 )
 );
 }

 await env.DB.batch(statements);

 console.log(
 JSON.stringify({
 event: "device_upload_stored",
 device_id: upload.value.deviceId,
 time: upload.value.recordedAt,
 upload_time: receivedAt,
 sensor_count: upload.value.sensorData.length,
 data_ids: dataIds
 })
 );

 return jsonResponse(
 {
 ok: true,
 device_id: upload.value.deviceId,
 time: upload.value.recordedAt,
 upload_time: receivedAt,
 sensor_count: upload.value.sensorData.length,
 data_ids: dataIds
 },
 201
 );
}

async function parseJsonObject(
 request: Request
): Promise<{ ok: true; value: JsonObject } | { ok: false; error: string }> {
 try {
 const value: unknown = await request.json();
 if (!isJsonObject(value)) {
 return { ok: false, error: "JSON body must be an object." };
 }

 return { ok: true, value };
 } catch {
 return { ok: false, error: "Malformed JSON body." };
 }
}

function normalizeDeviceUploadPayload(
 payload: JsonObject
): { ok: true; value: DeviceUploadPayload } | { ok: false; code: string; error: string } {
 const deviceId = normalizeDeviceId(payload.device_id);
 if (!deviceId.ok) {
 return { ok: false, code: "invalid_device_id", error: deviceId.error };
 }

 const recordedAt = normalizePayloadTime(payload.time);
 if (!recordedAt.ok) {
 return { ok: false, code: "invalid_time", error: recordedAt.error };
 }

 if (!isJsonObject(payload.sensor_data)) {
 return { ok: false, code: "invalid_sensor_data", error: "sensor_data must be a non-empty JSON object." };
 }

 const sensors = Object.entries(payload.sensor_data);
 if (sensors.length === 0) {
 return { ok: false, code: "invalid_sensor_data", error: "sensor_data must contain at least one sensor." };
 }

 const sensorData = [];
 for (const [name, value] of sensors) {
 const sensorName = normalizeSensorName(name);
 if (!sensorName.ok) {
 return { ok: false, code: "invalid_sensor_name", error: sensorName.error };
 }

 if (value === undefined) {
 return { ok: false, code: "invalid_sensor_value", error: `Sensor ${name} has an unsupported value.` };
 }

 sensorData.push(normalizeSensorReading(sensorName.value, value));
 }

 return {
 ok: true,
 value: {
 deviceId: deviceId.value,
 sensorData,
 recordedAt: recordedAt.value
 }
 };
}

function normalizeDeviceId(rawValue: unknown): { ok: true; value: string } | { ok: false; error: string } {
 if (typeof rawValue !== "string" || rawValue.trim() === "") {
 return { ok: false, error: "device_id is required and must be a non-empty string." };
 }

 const value = rawValue.trim();
 if (value.length > DEVICE_ID_MAX_LENGTH) {
 return { ok: false, error: `Device id must be ${DEVICE_ID_MAX_LENGTH} characters or fewer.` };
 }

 if (!DEVICE_ID_PATTERN.test(value)) {
 return { ok: false, error: "Device id may contain only letters, numbers, dot, underscore, colon, and dash." };
 }

 return { ok: true, value };
}

function normalizeSensorName(value: string): { ok: true; value: string } | { ok: false; error: string } {
 const normalized = value.trim();
 if (normalized === "") {
 return { ok: false, error: "Sensor name must not be empty." };
 }

 if (normalized.length > SENSOR_NAME_MAX_LENGTH) {
 return { ok: false, error: `Sensor name must be ${SENSOR_NAME_MAX_LENGTH} characters or fewer.` };
 }

 if (!SENSOR_NAME_PATTERN.test(normalized)) {
 return { ok: false, error: "Sensor name may contain only letters, numbers, dot, underscore, colon, and dash." };
 }

 return { ok: true, value: normalized };
}

function normalizePayloadTime(value: unknown): { ok: true; value: string } | { ok: false; error: string } {
 if (typeof value === "string") {
 const date = new Date(value);
 if (!Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) {
 return { ok: true, value: date.toISOString() };
 }
 }

 if (typeof value === "number" && Number.isFinite(value)) {
 const milliseconds = value < 10_000_000_000 ? value * 1000 : value;
 const date = new Date(milliseconds);
 if (!Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) {
 return { ok: true, value: date.toISOString() };
 }
 }

 return { ok: false, error: "time must be an ISO timestamp string, Unix seconds, or Unix milliseconds." };
}

function normalizeSensorReading(name: string, value: unknown): DeviceUploadPayload["sensorData"][number] {
 return {
 name,
 data: JSON.stringify(value)
 };
}

function isJsonObject(value: unknown): value is JsonObject {
 return typeof value === "object" && value !== null && !Array.isArray(value);
}

function jsonResponse(body: JsonObject, status = 200): Response {
 return new Response(JSON.stringify(body), {
 status,
 headers: {
 "content-type": "application/json; charset=utf-8",
 ...corsHeaders()
 }
 });
}

function jsonError(code: string, message: string, status: number): Response {
 return jsonResponse(
 {
 ok: false,
 error: {
 code,
 message
 }
 },
 status
 );
}

function corsHeaders(): HeadersInit {
 return {
 "access-control-allow-origin": "*",
 "access-control-allow-methods": "GET,POST,OPTIONS",
 "access-control-allow-headers": "content-type,x-device-id"
 };
}

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